The energy and environmental application of materials can be improved dramatically by efficiently consuming a large section of the solar spectrum. Scientists are exploring the wide band gap metal oxides and their nanocomposites as heterogeneous photocatalysts for effective performance in solar wavelengths. Increased surface area, efficient photon absorption, and reduced recombination rate can be achieved by structural engineering and developing efficient nanocomposites. A thorough review of recent innovations in ZnO nanostructures/nanocomposites exclusively for photocatalytic dye degradation has been conducted. The review provides insight into the effects of ZnO nanostructure and recent advancements in ZnO nanocomposites to improve the photocatalytic activity of organic pollutants under different radiations. The review concludes that structural and material engineering can boost the photocatalytic performance of ZnO structures.